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Monday, February 28, 2011

Egypt riots (85 photos)

They have been days of chants and chaos, bloodshed mixed with moments of breathtaking solidarity between the protesters and the soldiers sent to subdue them. The flame of social unrest that first flickered in Tunisia has spread to Egypt, culminating with the announcement Tuesday by President Hosni Mubarak that after three decades in power, he would not run for another term. The clashes left government buildings in ashes, stores ransacked, and an economy teetering. Cairo's international airport teemed with Americans and other foreigners trying to flee; Egypt's tourism industry froze. At Cairo's Liberation Square, Mubarak's announcement was met with jeers and calls for an immediate resignation. Pro-Mubarak forces struck back, attacking the protesters in waves. The country of 80 million, rich in history but bereft of personal freedoms, awaits the next stage.

President Hosni Mubarak, in a taped speech shown Tuesday night, announces he would not run for reelection. It's unclear whether a majority of Egyptians will support his staying in office until September, when elections are scheduled. The reaction on Liberation Square, where tens of thousands of protesters watch the speech, is unequivocal: The president must go now. (Chris Hondros/Getty Images)
An army soldier tries to contain thousands of pro-government supporters of President Hosni Mubarak pushing their way on Wednesday, Feb. 2, past a military checkpoint and toward Tahrir Square in central Cairo. The supporters later attacked protesters, with running battles throughout the capital. (Yannis Behrakis/Reuters)
Pro-Mubarak supporters come out in the thousands in Cairo on Wednesday, Feb. 2, proudly carrying images of the leader, images that the protesters have been defacing for the past eight days. (Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images)
Surging through the crowd in Liberation Square in Cairo, government supporters on camels and horses attack demonstrators with batons and rocks on Wednesday, Feb. 2. The violence followed a scene of jubilation the day before, when a quarter million people filled the square in a mostly peaceful rally, anticipating that their days of rallies had pushed President Mubarak, the longest serving leader of modern Arab history, to the end of his reign. (Chris Hondros/Getty Images)
Clashes between anti-government protesters and police were frequent in the early days of protests. On Jan. 26, a group of demonstrators scuffles with police in Cairo. Some protesters have accused the police of trying to infiltrate opposition groups and foment violence. Most opposition groups have long maintained an antipathy toward elements of the police force, whom they consider enforcers of government tyranny and henchmen for President Mubarak. (Amr Abdallah Dalsh/Reuters)
On Sunday, Jan. 30, a variety of emotions permeate Liberation Square, but one demand remains constant: President Mubarak must go. By day's end, disparate Egyptian opposition groups have united in backing opposition leader Mohamed ElBaradei as their spokesman.(Yannis Behrakis/Reuters)
For the young protesters in Cairo -- the majority of the demonstrators have been under 30 -- President Hosni Mubarak is the only leader they have known. For most of their lives, images of the president had been revered. In protests Saturday, photos of the president are defaced, burned, stepped on, and spat upon. (Mohammed Abu Zaid/Associated Press)
Protests turn violent on Saturday, Jan. 29, as demonstrators set a police station afire in Giza, near the ancient pyramids. Within days, the Egyptian military had sealed the area around the pyramids and other historic sites in an effort to protect them. Tourism has been one of Egypt's main industries. (Victoria Hazou/Associated Press)
Mariam Solayman, a member of an Egyptian activist group, shouts anti-government slogans during a demonstration outside the press syndicate in central Cairo Thursday, Jan. 27. In the early days of the protests, most of the demonstrators were pro-democracy groups; by the weekend, however, Islamist groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood, which has been banned in Egypt for decades, joined the rallies. (Yannis Behrakis/Reuters)
Protests had been particularly violent in the port city of Suez, 83 miles east of Cairo. On Thursday, Jan. 27, protesters attempted to firebomb a riot police car. Police in turn fired rubber bullets, water cannons, and tear gas at hundreds of demonstrators. At least one officer was killed in Suez that day. (Mohamed Abd El-Ghany/Reuters)
A lone protester waves an Egyptian flag atop a lamp post in Liberation Square Tuesday, Feb. 1, as hundreds of thousands of compatriots call on President Mubarak to step down now. Mubarak has towered over Middle East politics for 30 years, assuming the presidency in 1981 when Anwar Sadat was assassinated, just yards from where Mubarak took cover. Sadat was killed for reaching out to the Israelis and signing the first peace treaty between the historic enemies. Mubarak has been one of the United States' most stalwart supporters in its quest for a more comprehensive Middle East peace. (Yannis Behrakis/Reuters)
Protests turned violent in Cairo on Friday, Jan. 28, as huge, angry crowds packed the squares of downtown Cairo. By the end of the day, several police stations and the headquarters of President Mubarak's governing party were in flames. Mubarak ordered army troops into the cities in an attempt to support the much-hated police force and quell the violence. By midnight, the president, in a midnight speech, said he would fire his ministers and name a new Cabinet. That did little to slow the street uprising against him. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
A woman sterilizes scissors as a doctor treats a wounded person in a Cairo mosque on Sunday, Jan. 30. Reports from aid agencies and charities suggest that 300 had died in the violence from Jan. 25 to Feb.1. "It's a very unconfirmed number," Rupert Colville, spokesman for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, told Bloomberg News. (Khalil Hamra/Associated Press)
A man, who gave his name as Maged Mahmoud, receives help after he was injured during clashes with riot police in Cairo on Friday, Jan. 28. Police used buckshot and pepper spray, among other weapons, in attempt to disperse the crowds. (Ben Curtis/Associated Press)
Moments after seeing the body of a protester shot by police in Liberation Square Friday, Jan. 28, a demonstrator walks away. (Ben Curtis/Associated Press)
On Saturday, Jan. 29, it was reported that thousands of inmates from the Wadi Naturn prison had escaped. By then, most of the police force had abandoned the streets, leaving homeowners and shopkeepers to their own devices in Cairo. For many residents, this meant taking matters -- and weapons -- into their own hands. They formed neighborhood watch groups, armed with everything from PVC pipe to chains to guns. (Chris Hondros/Getty Images)
Egyptian soldiers try to protect a man from angry protesters who thought he was a plainclothes policeman on Monday, Jan. 31. The military is generally respected by the protesters; police officers, however, are reviled. Some protesters have said some undercover police officers have tried to infiltrate opposition groups in an attempt to create violence and gather information. (Khaled Desouki/AFP/Getty Images)
Injuries did not stop a man from standing in front of an Egyptian army vehicle during a protest in Cairo on Saturday, Jan. 29. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
A protester holds an Egyptian flag as he dodges a blast from a water cannon during clashes in Cairo on Friday, Jan. 28, one of the most violent days of the street uprising so far. Tens of thousands took to the streets of Cairo. For much of the day, police and demonstrators fought running battles through the squares and back alleys of Egypt's capital. (Yannis Behrakis/Reuters)
A riot police officer jumps over a car and toward anti-government protesters in downtown Cairo on Tuesday, Jan. 25, the first day of protests. (Amr Abdallah Dalsh/Reuters)
Wielding shields and batons, riot police clash with protesters in Cairo on Wednesday, Jan. 26. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
Protesters flee through a cloud of tear gas during clashes in Cairo on Friday, Jan. 28. (Amr Abdallah Dalsh/Reuters)
Protesters pray in front of an Egyptian army tank in Liberation Square in Cairo Saturday, Jan. 29. In several parts of the city, confrontation gave way to camaraderie as protesters and soldiers shared water bottles and stories. (Lefteris Pitarakis/Associated Press)
A soldiers directs demonstrators arriving at Liberation Square Tuesday morning, Feb. 1, in Cairo for the biggest demonstration of the uprising so far. More than a quarter-million people flooded into the heart of Cairo. The rally, which cut across lines of piety and party, was mostly peaceful. Middle East observers say the role of the military is key to how long President Mubarak will remain in power. Without its support, the president has little leverage. (Ahmed Ali/Associated Press)
An army captain identified as Ihab Fathi holds the national flag while being carried by demonstrators during a protest Sunday, Jan. 31, in Liberation Square. As the days of protests continued, there were more and more examples of the military sympathizing with the aims of the protesters. (Marco Longari/AFP/Getty Images)
After clashing with protesters in Liberation Square Saturday, Jan. 29, a soldier rests curbside. (Amr Abdallah Dalsh/Reuters)
A protester places empty shotgun shells on his fingers during a rally in Liberation Square in Cairo on Monday, Jan. 31. (Suhaib Salem/Reuters)
The dozens of rallies have been alternatively tense, surreal, and frightful, and, at times, whimsical. In between chants against at the government of President Mubarak, demonstrators break out in a dance -- with one of them balancing a broom on his chin -- during a massive rally Tuesday, Feb. 1, at Liberation Square in Cairo. (Emilio Morenatti/Associated Press)
The colors of the Egyptian flag fill the face of a youngster during demonstrations in Liberation Square in Cairo Tuesday, Feb. 1. (Dylan Martinez/Reuters)
On Saturday, Jan. 29, the army is sent into the streets to quell the protests, where they are greeted with cheers and open arms in some parts of the country, including Liberation Square in Cairo. The army is one of the most respected institutions in Egypt. By Monday, their leaders had vowed not to fire on protesters. (Chris Hondros/Getty Images)
A woman carries a flower amid the protesters in Liberation Square Tuesday, Feb. 1. (Tara Todras-Whitehill/Associated Press)
The battle between the government and protesters has not been limited to the streets and squares of cities. A cyber-skirmish has also broken out, as the government has blocked access to the Internet and Twitter. Protesters, who used Facebook and other websites as well as cellphones and instant messaging to coordinate rallies, retaliated by using special software that allowed them to circumvent the censorship. Some of the software was provided by Tor, a group based in Walpole, Mass. (Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images)
The unrest has created a chaotic situation at Cairo's international airport, as Americans and other foreigners sought to leave Egypt. Thousands of would-be passengers have been stranded as nations around the world scrambled to send in planes to fly their citizens out. By early this week, 3,100 US citizens had contacted the American Consulate. (Victoria Hazou/Associated Press)
Camel driver Gamal, 54, is without work near the pyramids, in Giza on Monday, Jan. 31. The government closed access to pyramids in an attempt to protect the national treasures. The pyramids draw millions of visitors a year. (Emilio Morenatti/Associated Press)
Egyptian special forces secure the main floor inside the Egyptian Museum in Cairo on Monday, Jan. 31. Would-be looters broke into the famed museum on Saturday ripping the heads off two mummies and damaging some artifacts before being caught and detained by army soldiers, Egypt's antiquities chief Zahi Hawass said the prized collection is secure from thieves and under military guard.(Tara Todras-Whitehill/Associated Press)#
Local men sit next to closed shops on Monday, Jan. 31, in Cairo. In addition to exacting a political toll, the uprising has battered Egypt's economy, costing the country and its citizens billions of dollars and battering the Egyptian stock market. (Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images)
Exhausted Egyptians rest on the grass in Liberation Square on Sunday, Jan. 30, after days of protests. (Chris Hondros/Getty Images)
The charred remains of a government building in Cairo makes for difficult passage for a pedestrian on Sunday, Jan. 30. (Chris Hondros/Getty Images)
An Egyptian man uses his mobile phone to take a picture of the Arcadia shopping center, which was looted and set on fire in Cairo on Sunday, Jan. 30. (Lefteris Pitarakis/Associated Press)
Protesters in Liberation Square gesture at a low-flying police helicopter as the curfew begins on Sunday, Jan. 30. The curfew, imposed by President Mubarak, has largely been ignored by the masses of demonstrators. (Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images)
The lines of confrontation are stark on one of the most violent days of the protests: Friday, Jan. 28, in Cairo. Tens of thousands of anti-government protesters stoned police, who fired back with rubber bullets, tear gas, and water cannons. What began days earlier as scattered protests has coalesced into a powerful movement shaking the foundation of Egypt's government, with ripples crossing the Middle East. (Victoria Hazou/Associated Press)
In a series of photos on Thursday, Jan. 27, demonstrators in the port city of Alexandria dismantle the image of a dominant force in the Middle East in the past quarter century -- Hosni Mubarak. In the days that followed, the support from within Egypt and throughout the world for Mubarak would similarly evaporate. (AFP/Getty Images)
The day of protest on Tuesday starts early for many Egyptians, as thousands begin to converge on Liberation Square, also known as Tahrir Square. Many of the protesters had camped out in the square the night before. By the end of the day, 250,000 demonstrators would fill the area. (Khaled Desouki/AFP/Getty Images)
About 250,000 Egyptians, from students to doctors to the indigent, jam Liberation Square by late afternoon Tuesday. The show of solidarity against President Mubarak prompts the United States to send a special envoy to Cairo, urging Mubarak to step down. (Amr Abdallah Dalsh/Reuters)#
Liberation Square in Cairo has been ground zero for a series of government-rattling protests across Egypt. On Tuesday, the largest crowd yet -- a quarter million people -- gathers on the square as a youth stands on Egypt's national flag. For the protesters, the rally capped a week of an unceasing, and sometimes violent, push to force the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak after nearly 30 years in power. (Tara Todras-Whitehill/Associated Press)

For 17 days, tens of thousands of anti-government protesters gathered in Tahrir Square calling for the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak, 30 years in power. They had been acting out of passion for their country and dedication for change. They had protested and waited for a response. The response came in an address from Mubarak to the country and his people. Mubarak would not step down. Then almost miraculously, on the eighteenth day of protests, Vice President Omar Suleiman made a very brief statement on state television. Mubarak had stepped down. The crowds erupted "Egypt is free!" "Egypt is free!"

Anti-government demonstrators wait for the announced address by President Hosni Mubarak at a coffee shop near Cairo's Tahrir Square on the 17th day of protests calling for the ousting of the embattled leader. (Marco Longari/AFP/Getty Images)
Demonstrators say evening prayers in front of armored personnel carriers as tens of thousands gather at Tahrir Square, also known as Liberation Square. (Pedro Ugarte/AFP/Getty Images)
Chanting slogans, protesters had been in a festive mood before President Mubarak spoke. News and rumors throughout the day had signaled Mubarak -- for many of the young protesters, the only president they have known -- would resign. (Pedro Ugarte/AFP/Getty Images)
A demonstrator waves his national flag in front of an army tank in Tahrir Square. The Egyptian army is the key player in the standoff between Mubarak and the protesters, Middle East experts say. The military, which is generally well regarded by the protesters, has largely maintained a hands-off policy during the rallies. (Pedro Ugarte/AFP/Getty Images)
Hassan al Roueini, military commander for the Cairo area, joins protesters in Tahrir Square. "All your demands will be met today,’’ he tells the jubilant crowd, who responded, "The people want the end of the regime,’’ and "God is great." (Suhaib Salem/Reuters)
Demonstrators kiss an Egyptian soldier in Tahrir Square. Through much of the 17 days of protests, soldiers and demonstrators have shown moments of solidarity. (Asmaa Waguih/Reuters)
After Egypt's military announced on national television that the protesters’ demands would be met, the crowd celebrates. That joy turned to seething anger hours later when President Mubarak vowed to stay in office until September. (Tara Todras-Whitehill/Associated Press)
Opposition supporters wait for President Mubarak's national address in Tahrir Square. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
Opposition supporters flash the victory sign after a senior army general addressed the crowd inside Tahrir Square. (Yannis Behrakis/Reuters)
Demonstrators wait for the announced address by President Mubarak at a coffee shop near Tahrir Square. (Marco Longari/AFP/Getty Images)
Anti-government bloggers work on their laptops from Tahrir Square. Despite government attempts to shut down the Internet and limit communications, organizers have been adept at using a variety of media and electronic workarounds to coordinate the rallies. (Patrick Baz/AFP/Getty Images)
Protesters in Tahrir Square display a giant poster showing "the martyrs of the revolution." When Egypt's military announced on national television it had stepped in to secure the country and promised protesters that all their demands would soon be met, the crowd broke into chants of "We're almost there, we're almost there" and waved V-for-victory signs. (Amr Nabil/Associated Press)
Opposition protesters scream their support in their stronghold of Tahrir Square. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
Opposition supporter waves flags after a senior army general addressed the crowd inside Tahrir Square. (Yannis Behrakis/Reuters)
A soldier watches as protesters pray in Tahrir Square. In addition to the rally in Cairo, thousands of state workers and impoverished Egyptians launched strikes and protests around the country over their economic woes. (Emilio Morenatti/Associated Press)
Demonstrators wave their national flag that bear the date "January 25," referring to the first day of the start of protests calling for the ousting of President Mubarak. Since then, more than 300 people have been killed, according to human rights groups. (Mohammed Abed/AFP/Getty Images)
Opposition supporters wave flags in their stronghold of Tahrir Square. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
President Hosni Mubarak makes a 17-minute statement to his nation in this image taken from television. Following more than two weeks of protests, anti-government demonstrators were given hope by official statements suggesting that Mubarak may step down after 30 years in power. But Mubarak said in his statement that while protester demands are legitimate, he won't give in to foreign dictates. (Egypt TV via APTN/Associated Press)
An opposition supporter reacts in dismay at President Hosni Mubarak's speech to the nation in their stronghold of Tahrir Square. (Suhaib Salem/Reuters)
Egyptian anti-government demonstrators wave their shoes as they show their anger during a speech by Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, who failed to announce his immediate resignation, as tens of thousands gathered in Cairo's Tahrir Square. Embattled Mubarak delegated power to his deputy and former intelligence chief Omar Suleiman and proposed constitutional reforms but said the transition to end his 30-year-reign would last until September. (Pedro UgarteAFP/Getty Images)
Anti-government protesters watch on big screen as Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak makes a televised statement to his nation. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak announced handing over some of his powers to his vice president, Omar Suleiman, and ordered constitutional amendments. But the move means he retains his title of president and ensures regime control over the reform process, falling short of protester demands. Protesters in Cairo's central Tahrir Square, hoping he would announce his resignation outright, reacted in fury and disbelief. (Emilio Morenatti/Associated Press)
Anti-government protesters react as Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak makes his statement. (Chris Hondros/Getty Images)
Opposition supporters react in dismay at President Hosni Mubarak's speech to the nation. (Suhaib Salem/Reuters)
Anti-government protesters and Army soldiers watch and listen to the statement of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. (Emilio Morenatti/Associated Press)
Anti-government protesters watch on a big screen as Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak makes a televised statement to his nation. (Emilio Morenatti/Associated Press)
The portrait of 18-year-old Egyptian anti-government protester Maath Sayed Mohammed Kamel, killed on January 28, 2011, sits next to an Egyptian flag at the place where he died during clashes between demonstrators and security forces in central Cairo's Tahrir Square, as the 18th day of protests against President Hosni Mubarak's regime began in the landmark square on February 11, 2011. (Pedro Ugarte/AFP/Getty Images)
An army soldier sits on a armored vehicle as anti-government protesters hold their shoes in the air during a protest in front of the state television building on the Corniche in downtown Cairo, Egypt Friday, Feb. 11, 2011. Stunned protesters, demanding his ouster, waved their shoes in contempt and shouted, "Leave, leave, leave." (Emilio Morenatti/Associated Press)
Anti-government protesters and Egyptian Army soldiers on top of their vehicles, make traditional Muslim Friday prayers at the continuing demonstration in Tahrir Square, Friday, Feb. 11, 2011. (Ben Curtis/Associated Press)
Protesters weep during Friday prayers inside Tahrir Square. Egypt's powerful army pledged on Friday to guarantee President Hosni Mubarak's reforms in a move to defuse a popular uprising, but many angry protesters said this failed to meet their key demand that he resign immediately. (Dylan Martinez/Reuters)
A soldier pulls fencing into place in front of the presidential palace in Cairo. Egypt's powerful army gave guarantees on Friday that President Hosni Mubarak's promised reforms would be carried out, but protesters insisted he quit now and cranked up the pressure by massing outside his palace. (Amr Abdallah Dalsh/Reuters)
An injured Egyptian anti-government protester holds onto barbed wires outside the state television building in Cairo. Thousands of demonstrators massed at Egypt's state television building and at President Hosni Mubarak's palace in the Cairo suburbs as anti-regime protests spread across the city. (Khaled Desouki/AFP/Getty Images)
An Egyptian soldier stands atop a tank guarding the state TV building on the Corniche in Cairo, as thousands of protesters demonstrate in the streets around the building. (Yannis Behrakis/Reuters)
Opposition protesters celebrate President Hosni Mubarak's resignation, from their stronghold of Tahrir Square. (Suhaib Salem/Reuters)
Cairo's streets exploded in joy when Mubarak stepped down after three-decades of autocratic rule and handed power to a junta of senior military commanders. (Mohammed Abed/AFP/Getty Images)
Anti-government protesters celebrate inside Tahrir Square after the announcement of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak's resignation. (Dylan Martinez/Reuters)
Protesters celebrate inside Tahrir Square after the announcement that Mubarak had bowed to pressure from the street and had resigned, handing power to the army. (Dylan Martinez/Reuters)
The celebration continues. The crowd chanting "Egypt is free!" "Egypt is free!" (Dylan Martinez/Reuters)
An Egyptian anti-government demonstrator waves his national flag next to soldiers at Cairo's Tahrir Square in celebration. (Marco Longari/AFP/Getty Images)
An Egyptian boy kisses a soldier as anti-government protesters celebrate at Cairo's Tahrir Square. (Mohammed Abed/AFP/Getty Images)
An Egyptian woman cries as she celebrates the news of the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak, who stepped down after 30 years of power. (Tara Todras-Whitehill/Associated Press)